SLaks
Last time, we saw how basic Razor constructs are translated into C#.
We can see the generated class by adding @{ #error } to the page source. This creates a compiler error in the Execute method, and the resulting Yellow Screen of Death contains a Show Complete Compilation Source: link which will show the generated C# class.
Let’s start with a very simple page:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
1 + 2 = @(1 + 2)<br />
@{ var source = "<b>bold & fancy</b>"; }
<code>@source</code> is rendered as
@(new HtmlString(source))
</body>
</html>
@{ #error }
This page is rendered like this: (after removing @{ #error })
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
1 + 2 = 3<br />
<code><b>bold &amp; fancy</b></code> is rendered as
<b>bold & fancy</b>
</body>
</html>
As expected, the expression @source is automatically escaped. Also notice that the newline and indentation around the code block (@{ var ... }) was not rendered – the Razor parser strips all whitespace surrounding code blocks. This is a welcome improvement over the ASPX view engine.
Now let’s look at how this HTML is generated. This page is transformed into the following C# source:
namespace ASP {
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Helpers;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.WebPages;
using System.Web.WebPages.Html;
using WebMatrix.Data;
using WebMatrix.WebData;
public class _Page_Razor_SimplePage_cshtml : System.Web.WebPages.WebPage {
#line hidden
public _Page_Razor_WriteTo_cshtml() {
}
protected ASP.global_asax ApplicationInstance {
get {
return ((ASP.global_asax)(Context.ApplicationInstance));
}
}
public override void Execute() {
WriteLiteral("<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n<html>\r\n <body>\r\n 1 + 2 = ");
#line 4 "...\SimplePage.cshtml"
Write(1 + 2);
#line default
#line hidden
WriteLiteral("<br />\r\n");
#line 5 "...\SimplePage.cshtml"
var source = "<b>bold & fancy</b>";
#line default
#line hidden
WriteLiteral(" <code>");
#line 6 "...\SimplePage.cshtml"
Write(source);
#line default
#line hidden
WriteLiteral("</code> is rendered as\r\n ");
#line 7 "...\SimplePage.cshtml"
Write(new HtmlString(source));
#line default
#line hidden
WriteLiteral("\r\n </body>\r\n</html>\r\n");
#line 10 "...\SimplePage.cshtml"
#error
#line default
#line hidden
}
}
}
The WebPageRazorEngineHost injects the ApplicationInstance property into the CodeDOM tree; this property allows code in the page to access any custom properties in Global.asax.
As mentioned earlier, the page source is compiled into the Execute() method.
It uses #line directives to pretend that its code is actually in the CSHTML page. This means that code or line numbers appearing in error pages come from the original CSHTML source, making the code easier to find when debugging. The #line hidden directives indicate generated source that did not come from actual code in the CSHTML.
As mentioned last time, literal HTML source is passed to the WriteLiteral method, which is inherited from the WebPageBase class. This method writes its argument to the current output stream (which can vary when making sections). These calls are wrapped in #line hidden because they come from literal text, not code.
The two code blocks (the variable declaration and the #error directive) are copied straight into Execute(), wrapped in #line directives that map them to the actual code lines in the CSHTML.
The code nuggets are passed to the Write method, and are similarly wrapped in #line directives.
Here is a more sophisticated Razor page:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
@{ const int count = 10; }
<table>
@for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
<tr>
<td>@i</td>
<td>@(i * i)</td>
</tr>
}
</table>
</body>
</html>
@{ #error }
The @for loop is a code block in the form of a control flow statement. Razor’s C# parser is aware of C# control flow structures and parses them as code blocks. (The VB parser does the same thing)
Here is the generated Execute() method, with #line directives removed for clarity:
public override void Execute() {
WriteLiteral("<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n<html>\r\n <body>\r\n");
const int count = 10;
WriteLiteral(" <table>\r\n");
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
WriteLiteral(" <tr>\r\n <td>");
Write(i);
WriteLiteral("</td>\r\n <td>");
Write(i * i);
WriteLiteral("</td>\r\n </tr>\r\n");
}
WriteLiteral(" </table>\r\n </body>\r\n</html>\r\n");
#error
}
Here too, we see that all contiguous chunks of literal HTML are passed to WriteLiteral.
This example has two code blocks – the const declaration and the loop. The for loop code block has HTML inside of it – any HTML markup inside a code block is parsed as normal HTML and passed to WriteLiteral.
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